Printing ISSN 2519-9749
الملخص... تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى قياس الامتصاصية الضوئية (Abs) للأشعة فوق البنفسجية لمستخلصات مائية نباتية في مجال الـ UVB بواسطة جهاز UV-vis spectrophotometer لبعض النباتات شائعة الاستخدام ومن ثم حسلب عامل الحماية من اشعة الشمس (SPF) لكل مستخلص.
تم تحضير المستخلصات النباتية المائية عن طريق نقع العينة النباتية المجففة في ماء مقطر مغلي لمدة 20 دقيقة (botanical decoction)، ثم تم ترشيح المستخلص باستخدام ورقة ترشيح، بعد التخفيف ، تم قياس قيم الامتصاصية لمستخلص مغلي النباتات والتي شملت كل من: النعناع ، والمريمية ، وإكليل الجبل ، والريحان ، والبابونج ، والقرفة ، والهندباء ، والخزامى ، والقرنفل ، والورد ، باستخدام مقياس جهاز طيف الاشعة الفوق بنفسجية أحادي الحزمة في مدى 290-320 نانومتر، ويتم ذلك بزيادة 5 نانومتر في كل قياس وتكرر عملية القياس مرتان للطول الموجي الواحد، ثم حساب متوسط الامتصاصية لكل عينة نباتية، ثم حساب الـــ SPF من خلال تطبيق معادلة منصور الرياضية لكل مستخلص.
أظهرت جميع المستخلصات المائية بعض خاصية الحماية من اشعة الشمس. كانت أفضل قيمة SPF هي للمستخلص المائي لنبات الورد بقيمة قدرها 8.2. تليها قيمة SPF لمستخلص نبات القرنفل الذي كان عند 5.0. مستخلص إكليل الجبل اعطى قيمة SPF قدرها 4.0.
قدمت الدراسة بيانات على ان المستخلصات المائية للعينات النباتية تمتلك خاصية الحماية من أشعة الشمس، ويمكن ان يعزو سبب قيم الامتصاصية الضوئية للمحاليل المائية للمواد العضوية التي تحتويها من جليكوسيدات وتانينات وفلافونيدات والانثوسيانينات وغيرها من المواد العضوية التي يمكن استخلاصها في الماء المغلي. ولذلك فهي قادرة على حماية الجلد من التأثير الضار للأشعة فوق البنفسجية. البيانات أظهرت ان مستخلص مائي لبتلات نبات الورد أظهر حماية أفضل من أشعة الشمس لذلك يمكن استخدامه كبديل للمواد الكيميائية المستخدمة في صناعة مستحضرات الواقيات الشمسية.
Abstract... This work is concerned with the preparation of a number of organic ammonium acetate and trichloroacetate salts (ionic liquids; ILs) throughout a reaction of the acetic acid and trichloroacetic acid with some aliphatic and aromatic amines including the ammonia. Ten organic ammonium carboxylate salts were obtained, some of them were in the form of solid salts, whereas others were as liquids (ionic liquids; ILs) at room temperature. The yields of the resulting organic salts ranged from (21%) to (79%). However, some attempts towards the preparation of other organic salts were not successful. The obtained organic ammonium carboxylate salts/ionic liquids were characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as the infrared (IR), the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR) and the mass spectrometry (ms). The antifungal properties of these organic ammonium carboxylate salts were studied against the aspergillus niger (A. niger). The antifungal results were compared with the daktarin (a commercially available antifungal agent), which was used as a reference.
Abstract... In this paper, a new COMS Voltage Differencing Trans conductance Amplifier is presented. The proposed block has block has two voltage inputs and two kinds of current output, so it is functional for voltage- and transconductance-mode operation and by using VDTA the realization of a floating simulated inductance circuit has been presented. The realized floating inductance circuit uses single voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA) and only one grounded capacitor, results in simple and canonical structure as well as attractive for integration. The resulting equivalent A CMOS implementation of VDTA and a voltage-mode VDTA based filter are proposed and simulated. An application example of eight order elliptic band band-pass filter is given and the performance of the circuit is demonstrated by comparing the theory and simulation. PSPICE simulations of the proposed VDTA and its based band band-pass filter are given using 0.18μm CMOS technology from TMSC MOSIS and dual supply voltages ±0.6V.
Abstract... Treatment planning using Monte Carlo (MC) code is widely used to improve different equipments used in radiation therapy. This real simulation technique is becoming more practical in Medical Physics, particularly with the rapid development of computer technology. Such simulation requires accurate detailed knowledge of radiation beams as well as the accurate construction of medical linear accelerators (Linacs). In the present work the dosimetric properties of 9-MeV electron beam of the Varian Clinac 2100C/D Linac were investigated. The dosimetric features of interest are, the central-axis absorbed dose, the beam profiles, the photon, electron and positron fluences and energy fluences, the mean energy, the spectral distribution, and the isodose curves. The above mentioned Linac was simulated using OMEGA BEAMnrc MC code system to produce 10x10cm phase space of electron beam. The detailed spectra of the phase-space files resulted from the present simulation and that provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for the electron beam of 10cmx10cm field of view were modeled, simulated and finally analysed using BEAMdp. The central axis depth-dose curves, dose profiles and isodose curves of the electron beams in water phantom were also scored and analysed using DOSXYZnrc, STATDOSE and DOSXYZ_SHOW code. This study demonstrates that the MC code system can create the phase space data files which can be used to generate accurate MC dose distributions for electron beams produced using clinical high energy Linacs in water phantom or in patients for the sake of radiation therapy.
الملخص... حضرت جسيمات الفضة النانوية من محلول مائي لملح نترات الفضة تركيزه 1mM، وذلك باستخدام المستخلص المائي لقشور الليمون والموجات فوق الصوتية وهي طريقة غير مكلفة وغير سامة أو ضارة بالبيئة. تم تشخيص الجسيمات المحضرة باستخدام مطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء والاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية، أظهرت نتائج الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية نجاح تصنيع الجسيمات النانوية حيث أظهرت الجسيمات المصنعة قمة امتصاص عند nm450 وكذلك طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء بين أن المكونات الفعالة الموجودة في قشور الليمون قامت باختزال ايونات الفضة إلي جسيمات نانوية.
Abstract... Pectin is a polysaccharide found in fruits and vegetables. Pectins are added to several types of foods because of their nutritional benefits to humans due to the presence of dietary fiber. It is also considered a natural antimicrobial material. In this study, antibacterial activity of pectin was investigated against unknown marine bacteria (isolated from marine sand). The samples were identified using PCR. 5% pectin solution was used in well diffusion assay. The result showed that pectin 5% was able to exhibit antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus areophilus and Bacillus sp. However, the minimum activity of pectin was found in Bacillus altitudinis ( has no clear zone). The most obvious finding to emerge from this study, pectin is capable of reducing activity of some marine bacteria.
الملخص... برومات البوتاسيوم (PB, KBrO3) تستخدم في صناعة الخبز كعامل محسن ولكنها تصنف كمادة مسرطنة. لتحديد كمية البرومات في الخبز تم استخدام الطريقة الطيفية، والتي تعتمد على تفاعل البرومات مع يوديد البوتاسيوم في وسط حمضي لإنتاج اليود، والذي تم قياس امتصاصه عند الطول الموجي 352nm. في هذه الدراسة قدرت كمية برومات البوتاسيوم في 22 عينه (كيك –بسكويت –دقيق – عجين – خبز) والتي جمعت من أسواق مدينة مصراته، وأوضحت النتائج المتحصل عليها أن جميع عينات الدراسة احتوت على تراكيز عالية من مادة برومات البوتاسيوم والتي تراوحت ما بين (103.5ppm-4ppm)، وهذه التراكيز اعلى من الحد المسموح به حسب وكالة الدواء والغداء الامريكية FDA.
Abstract... The aim of this work is to calculate the rotational energy levels and energy of transition of 156-162 Dy, Gd and Er even-even Isotopes by using the Nuclear Softness Model (NS3) and approximated Model of the NS2 (our work). The calculated values for both models were obtained by MATLAB program and compared with the experimental data, it was a good agreement.
Abstract... In this paper, a treatment for the solutions of variation iteration method (VIM) has applied. This Technique has used for initial boundary value problems (IBVP) in partial differential equations by using both initial and boundary conditions. The applied procedure can give a more accurate solution in few steps compared to the normal variation iteration method. Some numerical examples have tested to show the effectivity and the accuracy of VIM method.
Abstract... Coffee is one of the most popular beverages that are widely consumed in the world. This study aimed to determine the caffeine in Nescafe, Cacao, Cappuccino, Coffee, using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. In addition, studied caffeine stability in water. In the presented study, seventeen samples were collected from some Libyan markets. A simple, rapid, and, reliable extraction method for the determination of caffeine in the samples using dichloromethane, n-hexane, and methanol as the extracting solvents. The method is validated over a wide linear range of 2 – 10 µg/ml with correlation coefficients being consistently greater than 0.999. The minimum caffeine level was observed in the Nesquik (Cacao), Nestle Italian S.P.A sample (8.66 µg/ml), while the Nestle (Nescafe), Asbania sample showed the highest caffeine content (461.87ppm).The study of caffeine stability indicates that caffeine is stable in water for more than two weeks.
الملخص... تشتمل هذه الورقة على دراسة لبعض تعميمات لتعريف مجموعة مفتوحة في فضاء تبولوجي، تحديداً المجموعات المفتوحةb-، المفتوحة-b*، مفتوحة- * b. من ضمن هذه التعميمات تعريفين مختلفين للمجموعات المفتوحة-b*، وبعد مقارنتهما تم إثبات عدم تكافئهما. إضافة لدراسة خصائص المجموعات المفتوحة- * b والدوال المتصلة - * b.
Abstract... Spectrophotometric analysis of the complexation of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) with cerium(IV) has been performed. The Ce-8-HQ complex was prepared and characterized using FT-IR and UV-VIS absorption spectral data. According to the spectral data, both oxygen and nitrogen atoms from 8-HQ were involved in the complex formation. The stoichiometry and formation constant (Kf) of 8-HQ ligand with cerium(IV) ion were determined using the mole-ratio method at constant temperature, with the molar ratio and Kf of this complex being 1:2 (metal:ligand) and 1.308 x 1014, respectively. Beer's law was followed with a molar absorptivity (ε) of 22089 l-1.mol-1.cm-1 at λmax = 253 nm in the range 2.0 x 10-5-5.0 x 10-5 M. In vitro antimicrobial effects of the ligand and complex were also investigated. The biological study data confirmed that each of the investigated compounds, i.e. ligand and complex, has the best pastime against all of the microorganisms studied. However, comparing the spots between concentrations of cerium (IV) complex with 8-hydroxy quinoline indicates a more potent pastime with maximum Gram-terrible.
Abstract... Since many facts about the natural numbers N in the number theory had been established with the usual divisibility that is defined on N. Then to connect these facts with some topological properties on ℕ for some topologies that are defined on ℕ, some topologies, that depend on the divisibility, have been defined. In this paper, we study a topology that is defined on ℕ and also depending on the usual divisibility, this topology is the topology that contains the set of all downward closed subsets of ℕ and it is called downward closed topology on ℕ. Furthermore, The relation between the divisibility and the limit points, and the topological relation between the levels of ℕ have discussed.